Wednesday, September 29, 2010
3500years old Cover and letter made of CLAY from Sumeria
Cover and letter on clay tablet with crunieform inscription of Akkadians,found in Sumerian region is 3500years old.Even in this time court Judgments were given in sealed cover,the Difference is Clay cover and document are not of paper but of CLAY baked ofter writing and was signed by TWO JUDGES BENCH,the the petitioners are nine village heads,with seals of Judges,an Museum collection[OIM]
This is the First example of writing,postal system,Judiciary,etc
The cuneiform script is one of the earliest known forms of written expression. Created by the Sumerian’s from ca. 3000 BC, cuneiform writing began as a system of pictographs. Over time, the pictorial representations became simplified and more abstract.
The cuneiform writing system originated perhaps around 2800 BC in Sumer; its latest surviving use is dated to 75 AD.
The cuneiform script underwent considerable changes over a period of more than two millennia.
Cuneiforms were written on clay tablets, on which symbols were drawn with a blunt reed called a stylus. The impressions left by the stylus were wedge shaped, thus giving rise to the name cuneiform .
The Sumerian script was adapted for the writing of the Akkadian, Elamite, Hittite languages, and it inspired the Old Persian and Ugaritic national alphabets.
The characters consist of arrangements of wedgelike strokes generally impressed with a stylus on wet clay tablets, which were then dried or baked. The history of the script is strikingly parallel to that of the Egyptian hieroglyphic The normal Babylonian and Assyrian writing used a large number (300–600) of arbitrary cuneiform symbols for words and syllables; some had been originally pictographic. There was an alphabetic system, too, making it possible to spell a word out, but because of the adaptation from Sumerian, a different language, there were many ambiguities. A single symbol could be used to represent a concept, an object, a simple sound or syllable, or to indicate the category of words requiring additional definition. Cuneiform writing was used outside Mesopotamia also, notably in Elam and by the Hittites. There are many undeciphered cuneiform inscriptions, apparently representing several different languages. Cuneiform writing declined in use after the Persian conquest of Babylonia (539 B.C.), and after a brief renaissance (3d–1st cent. B.C.) ceased to be used in Mesopotamia.
Monday, July 26, 2010
Ancient map with antarctica,americas from turkey
The map is a famous pre-modern world map created by 16th century Ottoman-Turkish admiral and cartographer Reis. The map shows part of the western coasts of Europe and North Africa with reasonable accuracy, and the coast of Brazil is also easily recognizable. Various Atlantic islands including the Azores and Canary Islands are depicted, as is the mythical island of Antillia. The map is noteworthy for its depiction of a southern landmass that some controversially claim is evidence for early awareness of the existence of Antarctica
What fascinate me most are the marginal notes on the accounts of the pioneer seamen who have taken part in the discovery of the places shown on the map.
These coasts are named the shores of Antilia. They were discovered in the year 896 of the Arab calendar.
There are many difficulties in the map of South America, including duplication of rivers, and the continent's southern end allegedly merging with an ice-free Antarctica. Close examination of the coastline supports the alternative theory that the "extra" landmass is simply the South American coast, probably explored in secret by Portuguese navigators, and bent round to fit the parchment. There are features resembling the basins at the mouth of the Strait of Magellan, and the Falkland Islands;also the annotations on the map itself, stating that this region is hot and inhabited by large snakes do not fit with the likely climate and fauna in Antarctica in the 1500s. Similarly the map states that "spring comes early" to the islands off the coast, which is true of the Falkland Islands but not of any islands close to the Antarctic mainland.
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ANCIENT INDIAN OBSERVATORY JANTAR MANTAR DELHI,
Varahamihira’s main work is the book Pañcasiddhāntikā (or Pancha-Siddhantika, “[Treatise] on the Five [Astronomical] Canons) dated ca. 575 CE gives us information about older Indian texts which are now lost. The work is a treatise on mathematical astronomy and it summarises five earlier astronomical treatises, namely the Surya Siddhanta, Romaka Siddhanta, Paulisa Siddhanta, Vasishtha Siddhanta and Paitamaha Siddhantas. It is a compendium of native Indian as well as Hellenistic astronomy (including Greek, Egyptian and Roman elements).
The 11th century Arabian scholar Alberuni also described the details of “The Five Astronomical Canons”:
the Indianshave 5 Siddhāntas:
Sūrya-Siddhānta, ie. the Siddhānta of the Sun, composed by Lāṭa,
Vasishtha-siddhānta, so called from one of the stars of the Great Bear, composed by Vishnucandra,
Pulisa-siddhānta, so called from Paulisa, the Greek, from the city of Saintra, which is supposed to be Alexandria, composed by Pulisa.
Romaka-siddhānta, so called from the Rūm, ie. the subjects of the Roman Empire, composed by Śrīsheṇa.
Brahma-siddhānta, so called from Brahman, composed by Brahmagupta, the son of Jishṇu, from the town of Bhillamāla between Multān and Anhilwāra, 16 yojanas from the latter place.”
ANCIENT INDIAN OBSERVATORY JANTAR MANTAR DELHI,
Islamic Creation story
A creation myth is a supernatural mytho-religious story or explanation that describes the
beginnings of humanity, earth, life, and the universe ,cosmomology, usually as a deliberate
act of “creation” by one or more deities.
Many creation myths share broadly similar themes. Common motifs include the fractionation of
the things of the world from a primordial chaos; the separation of the mother and father
gods; land emerging from an infinite and timeless ocean; or creation ex nihilo (Latin: out
of nothing).
The term creation myth is sometimes used in a derogatory way to describe stories which are
still believed today, as the term myth may suggest something which is absurd or fictional.
While these beliefs and stories need not be a literal account of actual events, they may yet
express ideas that are perceived by some people and cultures to be truths at a deeper or
more symbolic level. Author Daniel Quinn notes that in this sense creation myths need not be
religious in nature, and they have secular analogues in modern cultures.
後悔される革新、inconveinence の下の 場所。
このセクションの情報のためのmusham@gmail.com で私達に連絡し
なさい 旅行の協同に Yo u に感謝しなさい
Numisphilately とa のncient 科学のあなたのs の友人
91+09441816605 Musham Damodhar musham@gmail.com
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Место под сожаленной РЕНОВАЦИЕЙ, inconveinence.
свяжитесь мы на musham@gmail.com для информации в
этом
разделе
Возблагодарите Yo у для сотрудничества путешествия
Ваш друг с в науке Numisphilately и а ncient
musham damodhar, 91+09441816605, musham@gmail.com
################################################
Local sob o RENOVATION, inconveinence lamentado.
contatar-nos em musham@gmail.com para a informação
nesta seção Obrigado
Seu amigo em Numisphilately e na ciência antiga
musham damodhar91+09441816605, musham@gmail.com
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Site under RENOVATION,inconveinence regretted.
contact us at musham@gmail.com for information in this
section
Thank You
Yours friend in Numisphilately and ancient Science
musham damodhar91+09441816605, musham@gmail.com
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